The Great Depression Affects The Americans - 1333 Words

The Great Depression was one of the biggest events in the 1920s since it had huge effects both socially and economically. Starting with the stock market crash, millions of investors were bankrupted and thousands of workers were unemployed. Over the next several years, not only did the consumer spending drop, the number of investment lowered as well. Until 1939, when the President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Relief and reform measures which finally help the economy to restart. Through two different disciplines, two different authors analyze how the Great Depression affect the Americans both economically and anthropologically. Christina D. Romer and Glen H. Elder, Jr, the two authors of two separate articles analyzes the†¦show more content†¦While many economists focus on the Great Depression s impact on unemployment and investment, Christina D. Romer s article The Great Crash And The Onset of The Great Depression focused solely on how citizen s uncertainty of t he future income level leads to changing consumer behaviors. She came up with two possible explanation that links the Great Depression and the drop in outputs. For example: It is possible that the crash depressed consumer spending simply by leading consumers to believe that the Great Depression was coming and hence that permanent income was lower. On the other hand they may also consider wealth effect of the decline in stock prices. It is possible that the crash depressed consumption simply by destroying a great deal of wealth. (Romer 600) As seen from Romer s quotes, her ideas are possible suggestions that are not biased. She did not simply present her point of view but supports her claim with statistics like charts, survey results and other scientific sources. Since she included her perspective, the article became focused and easy to understand. Rather than listing out the results, Romer includes background content in her article to make sure that it s easier for the reader to understand. It also shows that she is well-acquainted with the economic and social context of the Great Depression. She did not only use professional words but supports her hypothesis with analyzes that are easy to understand.

Definition and Examples of Target Domain in Metaphor

In a conceptual metaphor, the target domain is the  quality or experience described by or identified with  the source domain. Also known as the  image recipient. In Introducing Metaphor (2006), Knowles and Moon note that conceptual metaphors equate two concept areas, as in ARGUMENT IS WAR. The term source domain is used for the concept area from which the metaphor is drawn: here, WAR. Target domain is used for the concept area to which the metaphor is applied: here, ARGUMENT. The terms target and source were introduced by George  Lakoff and Mark Johnson  in Metaphors We Live By (1980).  Although the more traditional terms tenor and vehicle (I.A. Richards, 1936)  are roughly equivalent to target domain and source domain, respectively, the traditional terms fail to emphasize the interaction between the two domains.  Ã‚  As  William P. Brown points out, The  terms target domain and source domain  not only acknowledge a certain parity of import between the metaphor and its referent but they also illustrate more precisely the dynamic that occurs when something is referenced metaphorically—a superimposing or unilateral mapping of one domain on another (Psalms, 2010). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Cognitive LinguisticsConceptual BlendingConceptual DomainMetaphorical ClusterTenorWhat Is a Metaphor? Examples and Observations The Two Domains The two domains that participate in conceptual metaphor have special names. The conceptual domain from which we draw metaphorical expressions to understand another conceptual domain is called source domain, while the conceptual domain that is understood this way is the target domain. Thus, life, arguments, love, theory,  ideas, social organizations, and others are target domains, while journeys, war, buildings, food, plants, and others are source domains. The target domain is the domain we try to understand through the use of the source domain. —Zoltan Kovecses, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2001   ​Target and Source Domains in LOVE IS A JOURNEY Metaphorical concepts fulfill all their functions . . . through a network of metaphorical expressions. . . . [T]ake the following example: Conceptual metaphor:LOVE IS A JOURNEYMetaphorical expressions:this relationship is foundering,we are going nowhere,this relationship is a dead-end street,we are at a crossroads, etc. . . . Metaphors connect two conceptual domains: the target domain and the source domain. In the course of metaphorical processes the source domain corresponds to the target domain; in other words, there is a mapping or a projection between the source domain and the target domain. The target domain X is understood in terms of the source domain Y. For example, in the case of the metaphorical concept mentioned above, LOVE is the target domain whereas JOURNEY is the source domain. Whenever JOURNEY is mapped onto LOVE, the two domains correspond to each other in a way which enables us to interpret LOVE as a JOURNEY. —Andrà ¡s Kertà ©sz, Cognitive Semantics and Scientific Knowledge. John Benjamins, 2004Mappings -  The term mapping  comes from the nomenclature of mathematics. Its application in metaphor research basically means that features from a  source domain (e.g. OBJECTS) are mapped onto a target domain (e.g. IDEAS). The term metaphorical expression refers to the surface realization of such a cross-domain mapping which is virtually what the term metaphor used to refer to (Lakoff 1993:203).(Markus Tendahl, A Hybrid Theory of Metaphor. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009)  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is possible for two different parts of a sentence to make use of two distinct metaphorical mappings at once. Consider a phrase like, within the coming weeks. Here, within makes use of the metaphor of time as a stationary landscape which has extension and bounded regions, whereas coming makes use of the metaphor of times as moving objects. This is possible because the two metaphors for time pick out different aspects of the target domain.(George Lakoff, The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, Metaphor and Thought, ed. by A. Ortony. Cambridge University  Press, 1993)

Video Games, Social, And Social And Emotional Wellbeing Of...

The latest video games, social sites, blogs, and etc. seem to catch most teens’ attentions these days. It may be safe to say that parents can rarely find their child without at least one interactive social media of some sort. Parents worry their child is online for too long, the internet may deprive teens of social skills needed in face to face conversation, or the internet is a place full of exposure to the cruelty of harsh harassment from peers, better known as cyberbullying. But with most negatives comes a positive and the internet seems to be one of negatives that come with a positive feature as well. These online communities are good sources for teenagers because of the encouragement they give teens to expand their variety of friends while exploring and learning the necessity of a healthy relationship. In all of the articles, â€Å"Teenagers Leading Happy, Connected Lives Online† by KJ Dell ‘Antonia, â€Å"Growing up with Social Networks and Online Communication† by Robert Strom, and â€Å"Social Networking and the Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Adolescents in Australia† by Amanda Bourgeois, the authors argue that adolescents being online is a beneficial thing to growing teens. Each author includes evidence they collected from surveys taken by the teenagers and test ran to evaluate the effects of the teens being online. Amanda Bourgeosis, a fellow researcher at the School of Education, specializing in social and wellbeing of youth, gathers data and examinations from childShow MoreRelatedPhysical Based Programs As Interventions For At Risk Youth Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesLubans, Plotinikoff and Lubans (2012) conducted a systemic review of physical based programs as interventions for at-risk youth. Significant increases in social emotional wellbein g were identified for outdoor adventure programs, sport and skill based programs, and physical fitness programs. However, the researchers report that the risk of bias in the existing studies is high. None of the studies reported power calculations to detect the hypothesized effect. Additionally, few of the studies reportedRead MoreEducation Based On A Systematic Mapping Study Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature review of the state of gamification research in education based on a systematic mapping study. They presented the tendencies of the studies analyzed based on the design principles, game features, area of application, and academic subject covered. Their results showed that the most popular game features used were points, badges, and leaderboards follow by Levels, Virtual Goods, and Avatars. The badges were given for a wide variety of achievements (e.g. for challenge achievements and participationRead MoreThe Preschool Kids Learning Values, Skills, And Knowledge1706 Word s   |  7 PagesSocial development encompasses the involvement of the children, in this case, the preschool kids learning values, skills, and knowledge, with the sole purpose of enabling them to effectively relate to their peers, others, and the community as a whole. The social learning activity can be passed to children directly by their caretakers or even indirectly through an adorable relationship with the family and friends. Children participation in the culture around them can also impact social developmentRead MoreOnline Video Game Is A Game Of Probability For Money Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pagesactivity or practice of playing a game of chance for money or other stakes† (Dictionary.com). Online video game is â€Å"a video game which is or can be played over a computer network (now usually the Internet); (later) especially one enabling two or more players to participate simultaneously from different locations† (oxforddictionaries.com). It is imperative to indic ate that gambling is an online video game in this regard. Therefore, the connotative meaning of online video gambling in relevance to the aboveRead MoreEtiology, Predispositions, And Vulnerabilities1738 Words   |  7 Pagessuch to determine different theorised causes for the addiction such as biological factors (such as chemical imbalances making one more susceptible to addiction), psychological predispositions (such as other mental health problems or personality) and social factors (such as culture, socio-economic standing and acceptance of the Internet from others). Whilst these factors are dependant on the individual, some studies include the nature and attributes of the Internet itself. Some models include the cognitive-behaviouralRead MoreThe Effects Of Gambling Addiction On The Brain1682 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar technologies experience various rewards that are unpredictable in nature, depending on the application they are using (such as: video games, emails, social medi a, pornography, message boards and texting). Paired with the mood altering content of the application the reward activation is increased. Examples of mood altering content include video games (social inclusion, achieving tasks unobtainable in real life), pornography (sexual gratification), and online poker (similar to gambling in realRead MoreCritical Review on the Effets of Mass Media on Violent Behavior1977 Words   |  8 PagesREVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR’ TABLE OF CONTENT Cover Page Pg 1 Table of Content Pg 2 Introduction Pg 3 Definitions Studies Aimed at Validating the Existence of a Correlation The Social Learning Theory The Narrative Theory Studies Aimed at Refuting Correlation Reciprocal Determinism Case Studies 4.1 Norway Massacre 4.2 Aurora Colorado Theatre Shooting 4.3 Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting Conclusion ReferencesRead MoreObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pagesdisagree with Campos view that there is no childhood obesity epidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescent in the past years. It is an established fact that childhood obesity in America is a developing disease that has become an epidemic with ongoing psychological effects, this is due to many reasons, among them are the wide spread of fast-food advertisementsRead MoreTherapeutic Alliance With V ( Cbt )1275 Words   |  6 Pagesconfident he could carry out with the support of his family and new therapist (MacEwan, 2008). The pre-plan prompted questions like, â€Å"What are you good at? What are some strengths you have?† He answered with a full-on smile about how great he was at video games, listening, reading, using his hands to make or fix things. V’s aunt could not help but agree and added additional information including that he is a whiz at all kinds of electronics and appliances. The other clinician, myself, and this family talkedRead MoreThe Issue Of Cyber Bullying1997 Words   |  8 Pageschildren born into a digital generation we’ve become heavily reliant on forms of technology to aid us through our day-to-day lives. Children today are seeking platforms of social media as a medium of communication amongst their peers. In 2013 the Australian Communications and Media Authority â€Å"current statistics describe the use of social networking at 88% for 12-13 year old, 97% for 14-15 year olds and 99% for 16-17 year olds† (ACMA, 2013). Which is particularly high as these children are still students

The Confession And On The Trinity - 1672 Words

Along with his writings in The Confessions and On the Trinity, Augustine of hippo used the section titles the literal Meaning of Genesis in order to show Gods love through three visions of God. According to Duprà © and Weisman, â€Å" we experience three kinds of vision: one through the eyes, a second through the soul, and a third through the intuition of the mind (Duprà © and Weisman pg. 71).† Most humans in society are expected to understand the first of all the visions. To see through the eyes as spiritual vision is expected for most humans. However, to see things in a corporeal way through the body is more difficult. We use sight as a physical sensory and flesh of God is outside of the body’s vision. The third type of vision is intellectual, in†¦show more content†¦This Sunday the reoccurring message was â€Å"Growth through Adversity†. I treated the mediation as an after church devotion to help clear my mind and get my ready for the school week. M y goal for the day through mediation was to digest the message from church and clear my mind from the last eek. Ultimately, I was able to mediate and focus on the clearing of my mind and optimism for the next week of school ahead of me. (Journal Feb 5th).† Like Augustine said, â€Å" how we think, how we remember, and how we love â€Å" will show of true connection with Union with God. So, we must digest the information we receive through sermons and scriptures and use it to analyze God and grow a deeper connection with him. In his writings, Augustine makes it clear that direct contact with God will naturally heal people. Therefore, I believe through the use of a sacred word or phrase, one is able to create this deeper connection with God. Augustine encourages the idea of humans being made in the trinity so serenity is only possible if one connects with God and transforms their suffering into blessings. Such a depiction of the soul being intellectual creates a naturally unio n with God. Through Centering of Prayer, the methods of creating a serene space are much easier than changing ones soul. The person has to rid the mind of distraction and focus in the soul on thoughts that will completely focus the person. Personally, as a religious person, I chose to adopt a sacred word or phraseShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Conversation With Daniel Migliore s The Doctrine Of The Trinity Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesand immanent trinity,† and perichoresis. In order to explain what it means to confess that God is triune, Migliore explains the origin of our confession as well as the implications of a God who is three in one. In the following essay, I will give an account of Migliore’s description of how and why we confess the trinity before describing the three interpretive statements Migliore offers to us in an attempt to explain the triune God in depth. Migliore defines the Christian confession of God as triuneRead MoreThe Augustinian View Of The Trinity1426 Words   |  6 PagesMikaela Killingsworth Religion 320- Christian Theology Spring 2016 The Augustinian View of the Trinity Still debated today, implications of the doctrine of the Trinity first arises in Genesis 1:1 of the Bible and later becomes the topic of discussion during the Patristic era of the early church. One of these Patristic fathers, Augustine of Hippo, addresses this doctrine in his book The Confessions and his later writings. As one of the Patristic fathers who laid the foundations of much of ChristianRead MoreWhat Challenges Face Descriptions Of God1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhat challenges face descriptions of God, according to Augustine in Confessions and De Trinitate? Augustine of Hippo is writing at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. The two primary texts which we will consider in this essay are both classic expositions of Augustinian theology and philosophy, however the style of writing found in each is rather different. Confessions addresses God directly in the second person, while De Trinitate appeals more to the reader. These are both written by the bishopRead MoreAnalysis Of John Donne s Batter My Heart, Three Person I God 964 Words   |  4 PagesChristian feels about God’s grace. He starts off by explaining the purpose of confession. He then leads into asking for forgiveness. He closes out with repentance to show the purpose of the his daily life cycle. For Christians are not perfect; therefore, are in need of saving. Each Christian has the choice to do one of two things, live for God or live selfish. In the beginning, Donne starts off with the example of confession by saying â€Å"Batter my heart, three person’d God.† In the Holy Bible, God isRead MoreThe Christian Beliefs Of The Trinity783 Words   |  4 Pagesthe consideration of the Trinity. In the Christian thought the word â€Å"trinity† is a term used to talk about the Christian doctrine that God exists as a unity of three distinct persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Three of the staple thoughts include; God is three person; each person is divine; there is only one God. In their relations to one another, they are stated to be on in all else, co-equal, co-eternal and consubstantial. With these three thoughts about the Trinity you also must remember thatRead MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions1233 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Augustine’s Confessions has often been referred to as a book undertaking the subject of co nversion. Throughout Augustine of Hippo’s life he underwent several conversions so it is unsurprising that those experiences influenced his books. Although he was baptized as a Christian at birth, he rejected Christianity until his final conversion at age thirty. After his conversion and eventually beginning a monastic life he became the most important theologian in Christian history until the ReformationRead MoreTake Home Final Parts A And B1723 Words   |  7 PagesThat is the basics but Christianity is a large umbrella over many denominations where some believe in praying to Jesus’ mother, Mary, confession to a priest instead of to God himself, baptism is necessary, taking communion, and offerings. These are just some of the things that differentiate the denominations under the Christian umbrella. This leads to the Holy Trinity with God the Father, the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit. They all share divinity and godness. God the Father, Abra, papa or dad hasRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1600 Words   |  7 Pages Augustine and the Trinity Introduction The doctrine of the Trinity is often viewed as an archaic and abstract theory many churches and theological study programs settled on long ago, and therefore, has little relevance to modern Christian faith. Over the past fifteen centuries, the doctrine of the Trinity has played a peripheral role in Christian theology. Formulated in Nicea (325 C.E.) and later revised in Constantinople (381 C.E.), it has been generally accepted by most Christians. However, thisRead More Augustines Confessions Paper1340 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one reads the word confessions, one would not necessarily associate it with the word narrative. Confessions seem to be more of something stated directly without any story-like element. They are also a more personal thing- one does not simply put them in a story form unless purposely intending to do so, because usually it is something that expresses guilt for something personal or is between the author and their conscience (or perhaps to themselves). However, th ere can always be an exceptionRead MoreThe Trial Of Tempel Anneke : Records Of Witchcraft Trials1621 Words   |  7 PagesDevil. For example, the the first question states â€Å"That she renounced the Costly Sacrifice of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, the Holy Trinity, the Holy Sacrament of Baptism, and the entire Christian doctrine, and swore to be Satan’s own, and to submit to him (142).† The court and other legal authorities’ end goal of these trials were to acquire confessions from the accused about submitting themselves fully to the devil. That was the real crime. In folio 1, the third witness, Anna Steinmann, included

Noojh Free Essays

Sure, he liked eating food, and he liked trying new experiences but this experience had not been on his to-do list. Castle had heard about this facet of human life, he knew about sex, he knew about procreation, but pleasuring one’s self had never seemed very practical. There were a lot of human things that Castle found he didn’t like, even though he thought he would Like†¦ So he was pleasantly surprised when he realized he had been wrong about masturbation all along. We will write a custom essay sample on Noojh or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way his body felt as he slid his hand up and down his hardened coco, the way his heart beat quickened with each pump of his wrist, and how he could not keep the soft moans and whimpers from escaping his throat. The closer he came to orgasm, the more his body tightened and coiled; he would dig divots into the mattress with his toes as they curled, and a bead of sweat would trickle down his ribcage as he pumped his wrist faster. His breath would come in quick, short gasps, and his eyes would flutter desperately as he brought himself closer to climax. Sometimes, he liked to power through the experience, making himself come quickly†¦ And then there were other times when he would rub his hands all over his body, pretending they were Dean’s, moaning and begging please for release, teasing the sensitive head until a bead of pearly white would appear on his palm. Heat would pool in his stomach and then the overwhelming desire to pump his hips would drive him close to the edge of the bed, as finally release came, and he made a sticky mess on his hands and stomach. He tried to be quiet, but he was never good at silencing himself. He had no idea that Dean was listening on the other side of the door. Mouse-+ steps can you write saturation? 😀 *fans self*: Being human came with Its†¦ Deliquesces. Castle had heard about this facet of human life, he knew about sex, he knew about lot of human things that Castle found he didn’t like, even though he thought he would like†¦ So he was pleasantly surprised when he realized he had been wrong He had no idea that Dean was listening on the other side of the door. Mouse ?+ steps can you write saturation? 😀 *fans self*: He had no idea that Dean was listening on the other side of the door. How to cite Noojh, Papers

Alcohol Intoxication for Alcohol Use Disorders - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAlcohol Intoxication for Alcohol Use Disorders. Answer: Introduction Alcohol intoxication is considered one of the AUDs (Alcohol Use Disorders), risking the well-being of the masses on a global scale. Alcohol intoxication is commonly also known as alcohol poisoning occurs when a person happens to consume a substantial amount of alcohol in a very short period and very quickly (Liu et al., 2013). Due to the quick consumption of the alcohol and the lack of the sufficient time in metabolizing, the alcohol leads to alcohol intoxication. This state can prove to be harmful, as ethanol has been known to have damaging effects on the body when consumed in large quantity (Volkow et al., 2013). Extremely large levels of alcohol in the blood can even lead to death. The condition of alcohol intoxication has been responsible in causing the accidents and deaths due to the lack of judgement caused by the impairment of the motor co-ordination related to the central nervous system (Gross, 2013). Alcohol poisoning is an emergency because it may result into death due to reduced respiration rate or choking over vomit. The assignment closely deals with the signs and symptoms as seen in someone with alcohol intoxication. The concerns related to the condition of alcohol intoxication have been discussed, followed by the strategies that have to be incorporated in or order to process the concerns. Features of Someone with Alcohol Intoxication A person with alcohol intoxication goes through six typical stages and the symptoms appear accordingly. The seven stages are namely, Sub-Clinical phase, Euphoria phase, Excitement phase, Confusion phase, Stupor phase, Coma phase, Death Sub-clinical phase is defined by a BAC (Breath Alcohol Concentration) reading of 0.01 0.05 (Jung Namkoong, 2014). The effects are not visible however; an alcoholmeter will be able to detect the levels. Euphoria phase is defined by a BAC reading of 0.03 0.12. The effects of alcohol toxicity is slightly visible where the functioning of the CNS (Central Nervous System) is slowly reduced resulting in reduction in attention, lack of efficiency in processing thoughts and information (Lieber, 2012). A reduced coordination in sensory and motor functioning is also observed. Excitement phase is defined by a BAC reading of 0.09 0.25. In this phase, a visible lack of sensory and motor coordination is observed. Vomiting, drowsiness as well as nausea is experienced (Kissin, 2013). The speech tends to slur and a visible decrease in sensory response is observed. The peripheral vision is also affected under the influence of alcohol as seen in this stage. Confusion phase is defined by a BAC reading of 0.18 0.34 (Elisaf Kalaitzidis, 2015). As the euphoric phase veers away, the confusion sets in resulting into anxiety and restlessness. The muscle coordination fails and the person experiences lethargy. The psychological effects of the alcohol influence are more visible rather the physical. Stupor phase is defined by a BAC reading of 0.25 0.40. The muscle coordination fails further in this stage resulting in reduced response towards external stimuli (Fernandez-Sola, 2015). Incontinence in stool and urine is observed and the person goes into a state of unconsciousness under the influence of alcohol. Coma phase is defined by a BAC reading of 0.35 0.50. This is an extreme phase of alcohol intoxication. The respiration rate reduces drastically in this phase and there is limited amount of oxygen in the system (Sebbane et al., 2012). The body temperature reduces in this stage as the person goes into a state of coma. The last stage is dawns on the death of the person when the BAC reading exceeds 0.45 where the person possibly dies due to a cardiac arrest. Several apparent symptoms and signs appear when someone is intoxicated by alcohol and they vary from individual to individual. The primary ones have been listed below: Firstly, the patient appears to be in a state of semi-consciousness. The patient would fail to respond to any form of stimuli. Patient might respond in certain situations in the form of an incoherent mutter or a groan (Verelst et al., 2012). The patient may also appear to be in a confused state. Secondly, the patient might even appear a little pale and in some cases, a slight bluish skin has also been observed due to the lessened rate of respiration. The skin turns bluish due to the lessened amount of oxygen (less than eight breaths in a single minute) in the blood (Harvey, Kneller Campbell, 2013). Alcohol is known to reduce several functions of the body, especially breathing, blood pressure as well as heart rate (Langhan, 2013). Thirdly, the most common sign of alcohol intoxication seen in a patient is the acute smell of alcohol. The patient might even vomit which is also a commonly seen effect of alcohol intoxication (Stock et al., 2016). The patient may also suffer from seizures. Fourthly, in several instances, the patient might even develop hypothermia. It may also result into renal failure due to the inhibitory action of ethanol towards gluconeogenesis, which may further lead to lactic acidosis as well as ketoacidosis (Klein et al., 2017). Identification of the Key Concerns On consumption of alcohol, it tends to be absorbed into the blood stream, rapidly, which is circulated evenly throughout the system. The level of alcohol in the system affects the central nervous system resulting in the restriction of the motor and sensory coordination (Harvey et al., 2013). The higher the level, the greater a threat it poses to the patient. This is the reason why that even if the patient does not die under the circumstance of alcohol intoxication, however, a risk of suffering a severe brain damage remains (Jung Namkoong, 2014). Although a breath analyzer could be used to determine the BAC in the system, blood and urine tests must be carried out to further confirm the levels. The health personnel can use an alcoholmeter in order to confirm the condition of alcohol intoxication (Sebbane et al., 2012). It is used to determine the BAC to determine the typical stage the patient is in. The reduced respiration rate is the primary concern in the case of alcohol intoxication. Lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood leads to reduced oxygen in the brain, which may result into coma (Langhan, 2013). Hence, oxygen help must be provided to the patient as soon as possible to facilitate breathing. Secondly, the patient should also be treated for hypoglycaemia. It can lead to coma. The alcohol tends to remain in the blood stream for a considerably longer duration and due to its readily adsorbing ability, it takes longer to eliminate it from the tissues (Thomson et al., 2012). The alcohol prevents the liver from releasing the glucose into the circulation, which results into hypoglycaemia. Thirdly, a significant high blood pressure is also a key concern and must be treated with haste. A high blood pressure may lead to a stroke if not treated. Alcohol being an effective depressant affects the nervous system, reducing the functionality of the heart (Klein et al., 2017). Such a situation may result into the patient suffering a cardiac arrest. Fourthly, the patient must lie on his side in order to prevent the inhalation of vomit or retention of vomit in the lungs. The alcohol is known to cause irritation in the lining of the stomach, which leads to vomiting (Allison et al., 2014). One of the key concerns in such a situation will be to hydrate the patient as soon as possible as well as avoid the patient to choke over the vomit. Management Strategies employed to Process the Concerns Before the management strategies are chalked, several immediate steps require to be employed in order to lower the risk of a possible life-threatening situation. The patient needs to be laid on his side in order to facilitate breathing as well as if the patient has vomited, to prevent the vomit to accumulate in the lungs. Accumulation of fluid into the lungs leads to reducing the ability of the lungs to inflate which facilitates the process of breathing (Verelst et al., 2012). As a result, this condition leads to a rapid lowering of the blood oxygen level. Firstly, in order to treat the patient for the reduced respiration rate, external help such as oxygen being provided by oxygen masks or nasal cannula. This strategy will duly help the patient to breathe which will increase the oxygen concentration in the blood (Langhan, 2013). Intubation can also be used to facilitate breathing. Intubation also helps in removing any type of blockages in the windpipe. Secondly, the method of gastric lavage can be used in order to induce vomiting if the patient has not done that already. However, this method is restricted due to the several side effects it has and should only be administered during a life-threatening situation. Gastric lavage leads to perforation, laryngospasm, pneumonia as well as hypoxia. Therefore, other options such as intramuscular administration of apomorphine have been devised (Muller Desel, 2013). Thirdly, the method of hemodialysis can be used in order to rapidly remove alcohol from blood. This method is applied when the blood pressure of the patient appears to be as high as more than 400mg/dL (Husain, Ansari Ferder, 2014). In case of metabolic acidosis, hemodialysis is an irrefutable option (White Cosnick, 2014). Fourthly, in order to treat the condition of low blood sugar level in the patient, a combination of dextrose solution and saline flush can be used (Allison McCurdy, 2014). Since the alcohol induces this form of hypoglycaemia, it is unresponsive to glucagon. Dextrose being a simple sugar, it is easier for the body to break it down and utilize it for increasing the blood sugar level (Hindmarch, Land Wright, 2012). The combination of dextrose solution and saline flush, administered through I.V., is the most effective remedy to treat the condition. Fifthly, in order to treat the seizures, thiamine must be administered (Isenberg-Grzeda, Chabom Nicolson 2014). This water-soluble vitamin is necessary to maintain the functionality of the heart. Alcohol intoxication leads to flushing of the thiamine from the system. Hence, it needs to be replenished to avoid developing the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome where the patient may suffer from impairment of the memory functions that takes place in the brain (Thomson, Guerrini Marshall, 2012). Sixthly, metadoxine can be provided parenterally. Metadoxine is known to aid in flushing the alcohol out of the system (Golovenko et al., 2016). It restores the proper functionality of the liver as well as that neuro-physical disorders that are acutely associated with alcohol intoxication is also relieved by Metadoxine (Karpova et al., 2016). Seventhly, the patient may suffer from incontinence in urine and stool and in such a case, a urinary catheter can be used to prevent it. Conclusion A large number of people lose their lives to alcohol intoxication every year. Effective community programs need to be developed in order to keep people from binge drinking in order to avoid alcohol intoxication. The severity of the alcohol intoxication should be discussed thoroughly with the patients so that they get to comprehend the gravity of their situation. Alcohol intoxication can prove to be life threatening if not taken care of immediately. Several vital organs of the body such as the liver, heart, brain, kidneys as well as the lungs pose a serious threat towards their functionality in the case of alcohol intoxication. Other than the harm caused to the organs, one can be injured due to accidents in the intoxicated state. Lack of several effective therapeutic agents to treat alcohol intoxication poses a serious threat for patients. However, several novel drugs are being devised to treat alcohol intoxication. One of them is known as Dihydromyricetin (DHM), which has been currently tested on rats (Shen et al., 2012). However, its efficiency in being able to treat alcohol intoxication makes it a contender of a potent anti-alcohol intoxication drug. The drug comprises of a flavonoid component, which has been obtained from herbal medicines and it is effective even on recipients suffering from alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It is necessary that health care personnel must resort to immediate and effective measures to treat alcohol-intoxicated patients. The patients should also be counselled and admitted into therapy in order to avoid a similar situation in the future. References Allison, M. G., McCurdy, M. T. (2014). Alcoholic metabolic emergencies.Emergency medicine clinics of North America,32(2), 293-301. Elisaf, M., Kalaitzidis, R. (2015). Metabolic abnormalities in alcoholic patients: focus on acid base and electrolyte disorders.Journal of Alcoholism Drug Dependence. Fernndez-Sol, J. (2015). Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption.Nature Reviews Cardiology,12(10), 576-587. Golovenko, M. Y., Karpova, O. V., Borisyuk, I. Y. (2016). Metadoxine regulation of elimination of ethanol and its metabolites from the rats body.Kln?na farmac,20(3), 24-28. Gross, M. M. (2013).Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal-IIIb: Studies in Alcohol Dependence(Vol. 85). Springer Science Business Media. Harvey, A. J., Kneller, W., Campbell, A. C. (2013). The effects of alcohol intoxication on attention and memory for visual scenes.Memory,21(8), 969-980. Hindmarch, P. N., Land, S., Wright, J. (2012). Emergency physicians opinions on the use of intravenous fluids to treat patients intoxicated with ethanol (alcohol): attitudes of emergency medicine physicians in the North East of England toward the use of intravenous fluids to treat individuals intoxicated with ethanol (alcohol) attending the emergency department compared with the scientific evidence.European Journal of Emergency Medicine,19(6), 379-383. Husain, K., Ansari, R. A., Ferder, L. (2014). Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention.World journal of cardiology,6(5), 245. Isenberg-Grzeda, E., Chabon, B., Nicolson, S. E. (2014). Prescribing thiamine to inpatients with alcohol use disorders: how well are we doing?.Journal of addiction medicine,8(1), 1-5. Jung, Y. C., Namkoong, K. (2014). Alcohol: intoxication and poisoning, diagnosis and treatment.Handb Clin Neurol,125, 115-21. Karpova, O. V., Shayakhmetova, G. M., Voronina, A. K., Golovenko, N. Y. (2016). State of biochemical system of white rats blood in conditions of alcoholic hepatic injury and preventive action metadoxine.Ukrans kij bofarmacevti?nij Ã… ¾urnal, (2 (43)), 22-26. Kissin, B. (Ed.). (2013).The Biology of Alcoholism: Volume 1: Biochemistry. Springer Science Business Media. Klein, L. R., Cole, J. B., Driver, B. E., Battista, C., Jelinek, R., Martel, M. L. (2017). Unsuspected Critical Illness Among Emergency Department Patients Presenting for Acute Alcohol Intoxication.Annals of Emergency Medicine. Langhan, M. L. (2013). Acute alcohol intoxication in adolescents: frequency of respiratory depression.The Journal of emergency medicine,44(6), 1063-1069. Lieber, C. S. (2012).Medical and nutritional complications of alcoholism: mechanisms and management. Springer Science Business Media. Liu, Y., Du, J., Yan, M., Lau, M. Y., Hu, J., Han, H., ... Li, J. (2013). Biomimetic enzyme nanocomplexes and their use as antidotes and preventive measures for alcohol intoxication.Nature nanotechnology,8(3), 187-192. Mller, D., Desel, H. (2013). Common causes of poisoning: etiology, diagnosis and treatment.Deutsches rzteblatt International,110(41), 690. Sebbane, M., Claret, P. G., Jreige, R., Dumont, R., Lefebvre, S., Rubenovitch, J., ... de la Coussaye, J. E. (2012). Breath analyzer screening of emergency department patients suspected of alcohol intoxication.The Journal of emergency medicine,43(4), 747-753. Shen, Y., Lindemeyer, A. K., Gonzalez, C., Shao, X. M., Spigelman, I., Olsen, R. W., Liang, J. (2012). Dihydromyricetin as a novel anti-alcohol intoxication medication.Journal of Neuroscience,32(1), 390-401. Sobell, M. (2013).Behavioral treatment of alcohol problems: Individualized therapy and controlled drinking(Vol. 563). Springer Science Business Media. Stock, A. K., Schulz, T., Lenhardt, M., Blaszkewicz, M., Beste, C. (2016). High?dose alcohol intoxication differentially modulates cognitive subprocesses involved in response inhibition.Addiction biology,21(1), 136-145. Thomson, A. D., Guerrini, I., Marshall, E. J. (2012). The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff's syndrome.Neuropsychology review,22(2), 81-92. Verelst, S., Moonen, P. J., Desruelles, D., Gillet, J. B. (2012). Emergency department visits due to alcohol intoxication: characteristics of patients and impact on the emergency room.Alcohol and alcoholism,47(4), 433-438. Volkow, N. D., Kim, S. W., Wang, G. J., Alexoff, D., Logan, J., Muench, L., ... Benveniste, H. (2013). Acute alcohol intoxication decreases glucose metabolism but increases acetate uptake in the human brain.Neuroimage,64, 277-283. White, S. R., Kosnik, J. (2014). Toxic alcohols.Marx: Rosens Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice.

Variation in Privacy and Confidentiality Concept

Question: Discuss the variation in privacy and confidentiality concept. Answer: Introduction In health care areas, ethics are considered to be the most important part of the patients care. The practices of the various paramedical staff reflect the value of ethics, as well as, moral parameters that are being valued during the provision of compassionate care to the patient. Currently the concept and idea of confidentiality are under high debate in the health care settings. The concept of confidentiality ponders that whether the private information of the patient should be kept confidential or can be shared among various medical, as well as, paramedical staff for better health care provision, improved quality, as well as, for audit or research purposes. Ethical health research, as well as, privacy protections both can provide valuable advantages to the society. Research with respect to health is vital to the improvement of the human health, as well as, the health care. Moreover, protecting patients that are involved in the process of research from harm, as well as, preserving t heir rights is very important to ethical research (Maliapen, 2009). The foremost justification in the protection of the personal privacy is related to the protection of the interests of concerned individuals. While in contrary, the primary justification related to the collection of the personal identifiable health information used in the health research is beneficial to the society. But it is very necessary that no information about the patient or individual should be used in any activity without his/her prior consent and we should respect the privacy and confidentiality of every individual irrespective of caste, color, creed, as well as, social or economic status (Magnusson, 2010). Variation in privacy and confidentiality concept Initially, using names, taking samples, as well as, using them for future research without the consent of the individual was not considered to be the part of the breaching any confidentiality. These parameters were used and were considered that they did not violate any kind of legal standards related to the health care settings. However, there are changes in the rules and they all have changed since then, as well as, they all are still changing (Willison, 2000). As per the National Institutes of Health, there are recent modifications in the requirements for consent that should be kept in mind prior to use of tissues, as well as, all the related medical data, personal information to be used in the research. In the present times, one of the important fundamental principles used in the work of clinical research and care is respect for individuals. Privacy and confidentiality, nowadays, are considered to be the most important part in the health care setting (Serour, 2006). In the past, there were no such adoption of regulations, as well as, the ethical guidelines that were used and followed for biomedical research. However, today, in the present times, there is generally the requirements which the researchers have to obtain which includes the voluntary, as well as, informed consent from the concerned individuals before carrying out or using any kind of personal information in the biomedical experiments and research (Laurie, 2001). There has been significant development of the ethical, as well as, legal governance in relation to the ones privacy and confidentiality in the present times. Any kind of breach in these laws is an offense and necessary steps are undertaken in that case. For instance, there is a development of the Nuremburg Code that advocates for informed, voluntary participation, as well as, consent of the individual in the medical research. Moreover, the passage of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and its federal regu lations was prompted to ensure privacy, as well as, protection of all the personal data and records in an environment of maintaining the electronic medical records, as well as, third-party insurance bodies (Murray, Calhoun, Philipsen, 2011). Patient confidentiality, nowadays, is considered to be the important part of the health care system and it means that all the personal, as well as, the medical information provided to the health care practitioner and other concerned staff members will not be leaked or disclosed to others without the prior consent and specific permission that is given by the individual such release. As the disclosure of any kind of personal information may cause personal or professional problems, patients completely rely on their physicians to keep all of their medical data and information private. However, it is very rare for keeping all the medical records completely sealed ("Patient Privacy and Mental Health Care in the Rural Setting", 2011). The most common and benign breach related to the privacy and confidentiality occurs when clinicians used to share the medical information of the individuals as case studies. The data shared by the physicians is when published in different professional journals it is made sure that the identity of the concerned individual is never divulged, and moreover, all the identifying data and elements is either changed or eliminated. If this confidentiality and privacy are breached in terms of any parameters, the individuals have the right to sue. Hence, if this case could have occurred in present times, the individual and her family have the right to file the case against the researchers for using her name without her prior permission or consent. At that time, consent or permission was neither important and required nor was sought customarily. However, at present times, the use of identifiable elements such as the name, address of the individual are considered to breach the confidentiality and privacy of the individual and is a punishable offense (Loebel, 2003). Though in the previous times, the consent and permission was not required and did not violate any kind of legal regulations, these kind of acts in the present times is considered to be a breach. The new international standard of editorial policy makes it necessary to have a written informed consent provided by the subject involved in every case report. New federal policies related to the privacy and confidentiality of the patients have been imposed that gives the right to the patient over their privacy and confidentiality. If this case could have happened in the present times, the civil or criminal penalties could be imposed on the concerned authors for using the name and hence creating the privacy violation. These rules and regulations became enforceable in the year 2003 and any such kind of violations or breaches is liable to the penalty that can include the fine or the imprisonment or both depending on the criticality of the violation. The recent imposition of these rules and regulations related to the patients confidentiality is aimed at maintaining the privacy of the individual and to avoid any kind of breaches. Hence, direct authorization must be gained from the individual prior the release of the information that has been used. Any breach that affects the privacy of the patient is a punishable offense under the new sets of rules and regulations (Francis Francis, 2014). Like in this case, as there is breach regarding personal information, the concerned individual or family members can undergo the disciplinary proceedings with the GMC, criminal proceedings, or the civil proceedings. Hence, in the present times, breaching confidentiality and privacy fail to respect the autonomy of the patient. Moreover, the violation of confidentiality of the patient is the form of betrayal. Therefore, patients have the right to privacy, as well as, confidentiality that has recently been changed and frequently been demonstrated i n the specific areas as per the common law, as well as, outlined in the statute law. This kind of breaches was not considered to be violations of any legal laws and hence, were not liable to any penalty or punishments. However, changes in the federal laws and regulations have given the right to the patient, which in turn promotes the maintenance of the privacy and confidentiality of the individual (Foster, 2014). Conclusion Privacy, as well as, confidentiality, is basic rights of the individuals in our society. The safeguarding of those rights, regarding to the individuals personal data and health information, is the ethical, as well as, the legal obligation that should be followed by the health care providers. Nowadays, there occurs a widespread agreement related to the interests of participants regarding the protection of their privacy, as well as, the corresponding duties of all the researchers meet these standards and to treat the subjects personal information and data in a confidential way. Indeed, the confidentiality and respect for the privacy of the individual in the research is an ethical standard and norm, which is internationally recognized (Martin, 2001). Failure to comply with these rules and regulations related to the safeguarding of the ones privacy and confidentiality can result in civil, as well as, criminal penalties. Though these kind of information was not considered to get the conse nt of the concerned individual in the past, but in the present times it is considered as the important part to get the prior consent of the subject involved in the case studies or articles. Any kind of violations and breaches related to these are liable to the penalties depending upon the nature, as well as, the extent of the breach or violation ("Confidentiality of patient care records and a patient's rights to medical privacy," 2006). References Confidentiality of patient care records and a patient's rights to medical privacy. (2006).Mdecine Droit,2006, 25-27. Foster, S. (2014). Confidentiality and Patients Rights.IJMHCL, (7), 229. Francis, J. Francis, L. (2014). Privacy, Confidentiality, and Justice.J Soc Philos,45(3), 408-431. Laurie, G. (2001). Challenging Medical-Legal Norms: The Role Of Autonomy, Confidentiality, And Privacy In Protecting Individual And Familial Group Rights In Genetic Information.Journal Of Legal Medicine,22(1), 1-54. Loebel, J. (2003). Privacy and Confidentiality in Mental Health Care.Journal Of Psychosomatic Research,55(2), 107. Magnusson, R. (2010). Privacy, confidentiality and HIV/AIDS health care.Australian Journal Of Public Health,18(1), 51-58. Maliapen, M. (2009). Clinical Genomics Data Use: Protecting Patients Privacy Rights.Studies In Ethics, Law, And Technology,3(1). Martin, J. (2001). Confidentiality in primary care.Primary Health Care,11(1), 14-16. Murray, T., Calhoun, M., Philipsen, N. (2011). Privacy, Confidentiality, HIPAA, and HITECH: Implications for the Health Care Practitioner.The Journal For Nurse Practitioners,7(9), 747-752. Patient Privacy and Mental Health Care in the Rural Setting. (2011).Virtual Mentor,13(5), 282-286. Serour, G. (2006). Confidentiality, privacy and security of patients' health care information.International Journal Of Gynecology Obstetrics,93(2), 184-186. Willison, D. (2000). Counterpoint. Privacy and confidentiality concerns - are we up to the challenge?.International Journal For Quality In Health Care,12(1), 7-9.